3 Key Tips for Writing Successful Tufts Supplemental Essays

3 Key Tips for Writing Successful Tufts Supplemental Essays SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Tufts University has a selective acceptance rate- right around 14 percent in 2016. You'll need a strong application to stand out from other applicants, including stellar essays. Luckily, this guide is here to help you out! In this blog post, we'll cover everything you need to know about the writing portion of Tufts University's application, including what prompts are available and how to answer them. Feature Image:Jellymuffin40/Wikimedia Commons If you want to study at Tufts' Ginn Library, you'll need strong essays.Nurcamp/Wikimedia Commons. What Should You Know About the Tufts University Essays? Tufts University uses either the Common or Coalition Application, so choose the one that works best for you. Each one has unique essays, so be sure you follow the correct prompt for whichever application you're using. Both applications have their own writing sections that you'll need to respond to. These essays are more general than the Tufts essays, but it's still important to follow guidelines and aim to impress with them. They're part of your application, and deserve your best effort! The Common Application has one set of prompts to choose fromand the Coalition Application has another, so do some reading ahead of time to plan for which one you'll answer if you need to fill out both applications for different schools. What Prompts Does the Tufts University Application Have? Tufts University requires you to apply to a specific school within the university during your application. This shouldn't be a problem if you already know what major you'll be applying to, and Tufts recommends not applying as undecided. The application should give you the correct set of prompts for whichever school you apply to, but if you want to get a head start, you can choose your preferred major from the drop-down menu on Tufts' Majors and Minors page. Under each major and minor, Tufts lists the school that major belongs to. This will let you figure out which set of prompts you'll be using, even if you're not yet ready to fill out the application itself- but always keep in mind that the prompts may change! If you're applying to the School of Arts and Sciences, School of Engineering, or 5-year Tufts/NEC combined degree, you'll have two essays. One is a classic "Why Tufts?" essay with a Tufts-specific twist, and the second prompt allows you to make your choice of two options. For applicants to the BFA or 5-year BFA+BA/BS combined degree program, you'll also have two prompts. The first is, again, a classic "Why Tufts?" essay question, while the other asks you to write an artist's statement for the work you're hoping to create at Tufts. Editing and revising is all part of the essay process- your papersshould look like this! What Are the Tufts University Prompts? Because the prompts vary between different schools, there's a lot of information to cover for how to write the ideal Tufts essay. But Tufts does provide some helpful advice- "Think outside the box as you answer the following questions. Take a risk and go somewhere unexpected. Be serious if the moment calls for it, but feel comfortable being playful if that suits you, too." In short, be yourself. Tufts doesn't just want to hear your academic qualifications, nor do they want to hear their qualifications as a good school recited to them- they already know! For School of Arts and Sciences, School of Engineering, and Tufts/NEC Degree Applicants: You have two essays to write for this section. Both are required, but the second prompt offers you two potential choices. The first prompt, which you have 200 to 250 words to answer, reads: What excites you about Tufts' intellectually playful community? In short, "Why Tufts?" At a glance, this is a pretty straightforward question. You wouldn't be applying to Tufts if you didn't already know that you wanted to go there, right? But always be aware that every other student applying to Tuftsalso knows that it's a good school. You can't just list qualifications back them; you have to dive a little deeper than that. Tufts makes a point of mentioning their "intellectually playful community." This can mean a lot of things, but consider what it means to you as a student. What Tufts wants to know here is not just what attracts you to the college, but also what you'll bring to it. Let your enthusiasm and fresh ideas shine! As a private research university, research is a heavy part of Tufts' academic focus. How do you bring "play" into that? What excites you about research and learning? As mentioned above, Tufts emphasizes that it's okay to be playful with your essay. Don't think too much about Tufts' qualifications- think about yours. Did you help your entire biology class prep for your final by creating a study sheet based on puns? How about turning your report onThe Scarlet Letter into a mock trial for Hester Prynne? These creative approaches to learning are precisely what Tufts wants to hear about, but be certain you tie them back to the school, too.You want to use this space to demonstrate how you'll both fit into Tufts' community and how the college will help you achieve your goals. The second prompt is a little more complex. It also has a word count of 200 to 250, but includes two options you must choose from: Now we'd like to know a little more about you. Please respond to one of the following two questions.A) Whether you've built blanket forts or circuit boards, created slam poetry or mixed media installations, tell us: What have you invented, engineered, produced, or designed? Or what do you hope to?B) Our Experimental College encourages current students to develop and teach a class for the Tufts community. Previous classes have included those based on personal interests, current events, and more. What would you teach and why? These two prompts are a great way to tell the admissions office more about yourself, particularly if you have extracurricular interests that you haven't had the opportunity to discuss yet. Both prompts are great choices, but consider prompt A if you're creatively oriented, and prompt B if you're particularly curious or have surprising interests. Of course, both traits can intersect- consider which way you'd most like to represent yourself, and choose accordingly. If you can't find this key on your keyboard, you'll have to invent it! How to Answer Prompt A In this prompt, Tufts wants to hear about your creativity and ingenuity. What you've created doesn't have to be revolutionary, but it does need to demonstrate your passion for creation. Tufts wants to see your creativity, your passion, and your problem-solving ability. Again, don't worry about impressing the admissions officers with a wild story about solving a public health crisis (though of course if youhave done such a thing, you should mention it!)- a creative solution to a simple problem is also valuable. For example, maybe your new and improved chore wheel improved the overall efficiency of getting things done at homeand convinced your little brother to finally start picking up his room. Or maybe your Twitch streams of relatively unknown video games introduced tons of people to games they'd never have picked up otherwise. Both of these examples demonstrate your desire to make something new! Think outside the box on this one. "I wanted to get good grades and I did," isn't a very interesting story. Think abouthow you got those good grades, such as with a unique studying strategy for by making a project your teacher had never seen before. Show off your big ideas! How to Answer Prompt B This prompt is an excellent place to show off your leadership and passion for knowledge. If you're an expert in a niche field- puppetry or being able to identify every plant variety within five miles, for example- you can share that knowledge with others through Tufts' experimental college program. What Tufts wants to see here is what interests delight and inspire you. What makes you want to learn and share that knowledge with others? Demonstrating your interests here shows that you don't just want to attend Tufts for the prestige or because your family wants you to. You want to be part of this community of playful, inspired learning, so use this prompt to show off your unique areas of interest and how you'd like to share them with others. Take a look through some of Tufts' previous and current experimental college offerings. Do you see anything you'd like to learn about? Are there any topics that inspire you to think up your own class? Any interest is a good one, but consider using those interests in a new way. If you're into fantasy football, considering pitching a class based on learning statistics through that lens. If you're an expert on ghost stories, turn that into a course that looks at representations of spirits throughout different cultures. Avoid being too straightforward with your ideas. Math is great! But Tufts already has plenty of math classes. They're also probably pretty well covered in the art department. What can you, specifically, offer that isn't already there? Tufts' SFMA school is all about the arts. For BFA, 5-Year BFA+BA/BS at SMFA Applicants: This section has two required essays. You don't have any choice over which prompts you'll be answering, which eliminates some of the struggle to choose the best option for you. The first prompt, which must be answered in 200 to 250 words, reads: Which aspects of the Tufts curriculum or undergraduate experience prompt your application? Why SMFA at Tufts? This prompt is similar to the "Why Tufts?" essay prompt, but with a slightly different focus. SMFA at Tufts is the School of the Museum of Fine arts program at Tufts, so it's definitely for those interested in the arts. The admissions office wants to see you demonstrate what exactly draws you to this school over others, and what specifically drives you to seek an art degree. What will you get out of Tufts that you couldn't get elsewhere? How will an art degree enrich your life, and how will you use that degree in the future? Colleges want to foster intellectual growth in their communities, which is why they ask for more than a standard "this is a good school" answer. They want to know why you want to attend, but they also want to know what you're bringing to the community. Browsing Tufts and SMFA at Tufts galleries are a great way to get some inspiration. Can you see your artwork fitting in there? What will you offer that isn't already represented? Think about art that you've created or art that you want to create. How will Tufts help you get there? What makes you want to pursue an art degree, rather than art as a supplement to another field? Clearly articulating your interest and commitment will demonstrate that you're a good fit for Tufts to the admissions office. The second prompt, also with a 200 to 250 wordcount, reads: Art has the power to disrupt our preconceptions, shape public discourse, and imagine new ways of being in the world. Whether you think of Ai Weiwei’s work reframing the refugee crisis, Kehinde Wiley and Amy Sherald’s portraits of the Obamas reimagining portrait painting on a national scale, or Yayoi Kusama’s fanciful Infinity Mirrors rekindling our sense of wonder, it is clear that contemporary art is driven by ideas. What are the ideas you’d like to explore in your work? This question dives a little bit deeper into your artistic mind. It's not enough to create art that is beautiful on a surface level- Tufts wants to know that you're thinking about your art meaningfully, too. This prompt is essentially an artist's statement, though it's focused more on your artistic intent on a large scale rather than on an individual piece. Look through some of your favorite art you've created and think about common themes and recurring ideas, even if you didn't intend for them to be there. What concepts are you trying to explore, even subconsciously? Consider not just what your art looks or sounds like, but also what it's made of and why you chose to make it that way. Think beyond availability or ease of use- always keep the question of "why" in your mind. Themes are good, but try not to go too general or invent something that isn't there. Much of art is about capturing beauty, so try to think deeper than that. And if you're going to claim that your art critiques or represents something, you need to be able to demonstrate that- analyze what you've created to show how it connects to your themes, don't simply project something over the top and hope that admissions officers don't notice it wasn't really there. Write a good enough essay and this could be you and fellow Tufts students. What Do Tufts Essays That Worked Look Like? Thankfully, Tufts University isn't shy about putting accepted essays online for applicants to browse. Consider writing out a draft or outline of your ideas before reading through these to avoid making them sound too similar. Even if you do it by accident, sounding too much like an essay that's already been accepted could be a red flag for the admissions office. "Why Tufts?" Essay That Worked I vividly remember stepping onto the roof of Tisch Library and seeing a group of kids sitting in hammocks, overlooking the Boston skyline. I briefly tuned out my tour guide's presentation and began to eavesdrop. The students covered everything from physics to what they had for lunch that day. When they spoke about physics, they did not speak with pretension; instead they spoke with passion. Likewise, when they spoke about something as simple as lunch, they did so with witty intrigue. Tufts students are as interesting as they are interested. This description not only resonates with me, it defines me. This essay does an excellent job of answering the questions at the core of the "Why Tufts?" essay. The writer channels an experience they had while at Tufts, detailing how listening in on other students solidified their desire to attend.They use words like "passion" to describe Tufts students, showing traits they also want to channel. The ending really hits on something important: this student wanted to be part of the student body because the students they overheard were not only interesting people, but alsointerested. Remember the prompts mentionof being "intellectually playful?" This is the perfect way to demonstrate curiosity, interest, and love of learning int he specific context of Tufts. "What Have You Created?" Essay That Worked When people talk about building something, creating it, they most often mean something physical. Engineers, architects, and laborers, these are the professions that I think of as making things. I've never been much of a builder, I lack that particular understanding of the world that is required to envision what you will build, and have never been coordinated enough to make much of anything with my hands, but I can create. What I have made is not something you can hold or touch, it spans no gaps and holds no weight, and I can't even claim to have laid a single finger on its construction. My creation is a poem, or rather, poems. Series of letters symbolic of sounds strung together to make words, which are in turn collected into lines and stanzas, pieces of a whole. My poems cannot be touched, but they can touch you; though they won't form a bridge, they can cross a divide; and while you'll never be able to weigh them on a scale, the weight of the ideas they hold can be felt the moment you read them. So I may not be an engineer or an architect or a laborer, but I am a creator. I craft words into meaning, forge lines into rhymes, and sculpt imaginations. So even if I can't hold what I make, I can watch it take shape and see its impact on the world. This essay does an excellent job of answering the question not just by stating the answer, but by embodying it. It's clear that the student is a writer; their language is vivid, immediate, and playful, demonstrating how strong their grasp is on word meanings and sentence structure. Importantly, this essay doesn't disparage other disciplines- it interprets poetry using language physical creators might use, such as "spans," "bridge," and "weight. There's a great deal of creativity and intellectual play in this essay, which serve to set the writer apart from students who might have focused more on the existence of the thing they'd built (a souped-up car engine, for example) than thefunction of the thing they'd built (a souped-up car engine that reduces carbon emissions, for example). When tackling this prompt, think about how you, too, can exemplify your creation in your essay. Think like a dolphin: smart and playful! Key Points for Your Tufts Essays Best practices for Tufts essays are similar to other schools, but there are some special considerations to keep in mind. Pay Attention to Tufts' Intellectual Bent Tufts makes a point of using words like "playful" and "intellectual." These suggest a curiosity about the world that goes beyond wanting to attend a good school because it's a good school. Keep them in mind as you're writing- how can you demonstrate your own curiosity and interest in the world? Remember That Tufts Is a Research University You'll be interacting more with graduate students than you would in other settings. Not only will this give you a leg up in applying to grad school, but it will also grant you the opportunity to think more deeply than if you were only exposed to other undergrads. Demonstrating an interest in learning from other students and participating in a learning community is a great way to show that you're interested in the unique experience of attending a research university. Choose the Prompts That Are Right for You Because Tufts has two different sets of prompts depending which school you'll be attending, be sure you select the right ones. Further, be sure you really maximize each prompt's potential- the rest of your application covers academics, so use your essay to showcase what really makes you stand out. What's Next? Before you get started on writing your essays, you'll want to know what kind of admission requirements Tufts has. Great essays are important, but you should also demonstrate academic success! Plan to get the best scores possible on your standardized tests, too. Reading about ACT and GPA requirements ahead of time can help you plan your academic strategy, as can reading about SAT requirements. Use these guides to get a head start! Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now:

Merits of Arbitration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Merits of Arbitration - Essay Example These are also points of interest that have been included into the presented work. The conclusion that has been found will show that arbitrary services are a necessity to International Commercial Businesses and are relied upon heavily by many national companies. The ICC has recently undergone a restructuring and has had an extension of affiliates added as new members of its court. The total membership of the ICC is now at an estimated 122 which includes the positions of: chairman, nine vice chairmen, eighty six members, and twenty five alternate members (International Chamber of Commerce 2006). The court is truly vindictive of International brethren as a total of 86 countries are now representative within the court. The processes and procedures of the ICC are carried out every week as they review all cases that are before them and asses specific ones, designating arbitrators, fixing arbitration costs, and reviewing various drafted reports and awards submitted by arbitral tribunals (International Chamber of Commerce 2006). There are a number of legitimate reasons why arbitration is selected by many as a means to solving a dispute but first and foremost both parties must be willing to enter the process with good intentions rather than making the situation more complicated than what it already is. Also, the rulings passed down through the ICC's arbitrary process are final and absolutely binding, there is no changing a contract once an agreement has been reached. Furthermore, it is found that the awards reached through arbitrary processes allow for a broader international recognition than those that are passed down by national courts (International Chamber of Commerce 2006). In the arbitrary methods found within the ICC, either party or both can feel on equal ground in five mutually respective key areas which are: Place of Arbitration Language Used Procedures or rules of law applied Nationality Legal representation (International Chamber of Commerce 2006). These five key areas make the atmosphere for arbitration more amicable as there are no restrictions within the realm of language or nationality, so therefore there is no undue discrimination to be found in the process. This allows for establishing a totally neutral setting to allow for a fair hearing for both parties without any prejudices. Furthermore, the process is found to be swifter and far less expensive than old fashioned litigation procedures found within the basic court system. Basically, this process prevents appeals so it does away with any possibility of the case being tied up in the court system for a prolonged period of time, which saves both parties concerned a lot of additional time and money. There have been instances where awards as high as multi-million dollars have been awarded and

War between Palestine and Israel (In favor of Palestine INFORMATIVE Essay

War between Palestine and Israel (In favor of Palestine INFORMATIVE - Essay Example The countries comprising Lebanon, Egypt, Jordon, Turkey, Palestine and Tunisia, which mainly constitute of Palestinian populaces, allegedly termed as refugees, decipher negative views about Israel. On the other hand, France, China, Germany and the USA, who are often observed as lacking adequate knowledge and understanding of the situation from a dual and unbiased perspective, are identified to have favorable views about the peaceful resolutions considered by Israelis. Even in the preceding years of the 20th century, conflict settlement processes had been initiated with the aim of settling the disputes between these two groups; for example, Oslo Accords in the year 1993 (Zanotti 2), Camp David Summit in 2000 and Taba Summit in 2001have been few of the failed peace treaties in this context (Emerson and Tocci 13). Recently, a two-state solution has been initiated with the objective of developing an independent state for Palestine and Israel. This settlement policy is expected to be effe ctive in resolving the dispute amid these countries as they will be facilitated with the opportunity of performing their operations independently without interventions from each other (Pew Research Center, â€Å"Despite Their Wide Differences, Many Israelis and Palestinians Want Bigger Role for Obama in Resolving Conflict† n.p.). It is worth mentioning in this regard that in most of the instances, the interests of Israelis of the Arab population have been considered with greater attention as compared to the Palestinians which can again be affirmed as a stimulator to Palestinians’ war strategies preferring terrorism. ARGUMENTS AGAINST To be mentioned specifically, Palestinians’ involvement in terrorist attacks in... The paper outlines all pros and cons of the war between Palestine and Israel. Apparently, history reveals that Palestinians have been the ancient citizens of the land but are now living in poverty as refugees in many regions of the state. From a generalized perspective, where Arab’s or Israelis’ quest to re-conquer Palestine can be justified on the grounds of religious beliefs, it can also be strongly contradicted on the basis of political interests and profits. Palestinians have often sought mutual alliance with the Israelis and gain the reputation of being the citizen of Palestine which is their native land. To be mentioned specifically, Palestinians’ involvement in terrorist attacks in Israel, affecting the life of many innocent civilians, has been raised major counter arguments to the role of the group in the sectarian war with Arabs. Whatever the reasons behind executing terrorist attacks, such as action however, cannot be justified on moral grounds, but can be addressed as a response on the economic and emotional grounds from the Palestinians. The conflict amid Israel and Palestine is continuing since the mid 20th century fundamentally centralizes on the right of the either group to reside as native in the land. Conclusively, based on the above discussion, it can be affirmed that in order to mitigate these issues and conflicts, transparent understanding of the main causes and the current beliefs as well as needs of the two groups must be considered in an unbiased manner; rather than disregarding Palestinians’ views owing to their involvement in terrorist attacks to gain their needs.

Organ Transplant Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organ Transplant - Research Paper Example The determination of the process of organ transplantation is an important subject matter in organ transplantation. It increases on consciousness and awareness on the issue of organ transplantation. There are different phases in the process of organ transplant. These include the determination of organ facts, the possible diseases, the devices, organ allocation, the waiting list and the hospitalization and surgery (United Network for Organ Sharing, 2011). Determination of Organ Facts First is the determination of the organ facts. This includes the defective organs of the patients needing replacement. The common organs transplanted are liver, kidney, pancreas, heart, lung and intestine. Kidney is one of the organs susceptible to damage which can lead to the lost of function specifically the removal of waste from the body through filtration then urination. Regulations of blood pressure, blood volume and chemical or electrolyte composition of the blood, are included in the main functions of the kidney. Included in the kidney diseases that can lead to the need for organ transplant are polycystic kidneys, nephrosclerosis, chronic pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, diabetes mellitus, kidney stones, renal cell carcinoma ad Wilm’s tumor (United Network for Organ Sharing, 2011). Liver is another organ susceptible to failure since it’s one of the largest organs with important function such as processing of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, and storage of vitamins. It is responsible for the substance in blood clotting. ... It is responsible for the substance in blood clotting, bile for fat digestion and can break down toxic substances in drugs and alcohol. Diseases such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, acute hepatic necrosis, cirrhosis, metabolic diseases, portal hypertension, hepatitis, liver tumors and biliary atresia (United Network for Organ Sharing, 2011). Pancreas is another organ with the main role of producing enzymes for digestion as well as insulin which functions as a regulator of blood sugar in the body. A need for organ transplant can be caused by diabetes mellitus type II. Heart is another organ of importance commonly transplanted. It pumps blood that distributes nutrients and oxygen and gathers wastes and carbon dioxide from different parts of the body. It can acquire diseases and malfunctions caused by coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, congenital or valvular heart diseases, and hypertensive heart disease. Also located near the heart is the lung which is described as a spongy org an in the chest that functions for breathing. A person needs organ transplant when the lungs are damaged through COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, primary pulmonary hypertension, cystic fibrosis, and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Intestines are also included in the organs transplanted. It can be damaged through short gut syndrome and other malabsorptive bowel problems (United Network for Organ Sharing, 2011). Waiting List of Organs One of the most important factors in the process of organ transplantation is the waiting list. In the study of the United States waiting lists of candidates by organ released on April 1, 2011, the largest composition is composed of people who needs kidney transplant, which

A Guide to Successful Communication and Study Essay -- teamwork, commun

According to a survey done by a statistical website ‘Nation Master', twenty one out of thirty four OECD(Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development) member countries ranked 14.4% for an average percentage of single households in 2013. To be more specific, the United States, Australia, Canada, Sweden and Japan are the top five countries ranking the highest percentages of population living alone, nearly up to 26% in common. These statistics clearly demonstrate how prevalent phenomenon ‘individualism’ is in recent days. In other words, people nowadays are more accustomed to being alone than being together. The time is now when importance of working together must be highlighted. Particularly, pinpointing an emphasis on teamwork in the universities seems notably demanding. Therefore, it is fundamental for universities to increase group activities for the students on account of three main benefits teamwork can bring; enhancing communication skills, improving lea dership and raising responsibility. To begin with, teamwork provides opportunities for the university students to enhance communication abilities. Teamwork is an activity done by more than one person with a same goal. The more people there are, the more perspectives there must be. In other words, conflicts from different viewpoints of each member are unavoidable in a disparate group of individuals. For example, there was a survey done by Korea Herald toward 522 Korean university students about the most common trouble that occurred during teamwork. 38.3% of the students chose difficult time scheduling for team meetings. 25.5% answered an unsatisfactory division of tasks for each member, and 14.8% pointed out a hardship in uniting opinions among the members. Such data clea... ...cles/teamwork-quotes-and-sayings.html (Master's thesis, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia)Retrieved from http://www.law.unimelb.edu.au/lasc/professional-skills/tips-for-effective-teamwork Maughan, Caroline & Webb, Julian, Lawyering Skills and the Legal Process (2005). "One person households by country", OECD. Retrieved from http://www.NationMaster.com/graph/peo_one_per_hou-people-one-person-households Sompong, Y. (Designer). (2010, November 12th ). 36 ways to build working team [Web Photo]. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/bright9977/36-ways-to-build-working-team Stephen, R. (2011, October 11th). Leadership roles and responsibilities. Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/leadership-roles-and-responsibilities.html Tuckerman, Bruce W, ‘Developmental sequence in small groups’ (1965) 63(6) Psychological Bulletin 384-99.

Ariel and Caliban Relationship

At the beginning of the Tempest, Prospero finds two other inhabitants on the island, Caliban and Ariel. Ariel is portrayed as a mythical being coming from the heavens; he acts upon explanation and motive, being connected with God. Caliban, on the other hand, represents a creature descending the devil. He acts upon instinct, and is a creature of the wild. Both of them desire freedom, but Caliban is the one who is enslaved by Prospero.Prospero, being the Duke of Milan, also controls Ariel in order to help him succeed in his study of magic. This magic keeps Caliban subjugated under Prospero’s control. It seems simple to understand the relationship between the three- Prospero has two servants and their names are Caliban and Ariel. But really, Caliban seems enslaved while Ariel seems more as an â€Å"indentured servant. † Why should Prospero favor Ariel more than Caliban?They both contribute to the same amount of work and both are under Prospero’s control. It is obvio us throughout the play that Prospero enjoys the company of Ariel more than Caliban, as Caliban tries to kill him and Ariel is a peaceful kind spirit. But looking through the postcolonial lens, it seems as if Caliban deserves nothing less than Ariel, as he has as much knowledge and leadership as Prospero. Throughout the whole play, Prospero uses harsh language upon Caliban, and vise versa.This shows that Caliban once had love for Prospero, but is now angry with Prospero for taking his island. While Caliban is ordered to fetch wood and make fire, Ariel is given more important tasks, as Prospero depends on her. Caliban is usually reluctant to complete the orders of Prospero, while Ariel is willing to help his master. Simply, Prospero is the master of two beings: one being good, and the other being bad. Ultimately, the relationship between Ariel and Prospero completely juxtaposes between that of Caliban and Prospero.

Mehrgarh (Pakistan) Life in the Indus Valley Before Harappa

Mehrgarh is a large Neolithic and Chalcolithic site located at the foot of the Bolan pass on the Kachi plain of Baluchistan (also spelled Balochistan), in modern day Pakistan. Continuously occupied between about 7000 to 2600 BC, Mehrgarh is the earliest known Neolithic site in the northwest Indian subcontinent, with early evidence of farming (wheat and barley), herding (cattle, sheep, and goats) and metallurgy. The site is located on the principal route between what is now Afghanistan and the Indus Valley: this route was also undoubtedly part of a trading connection established quite early between the Near East and the Indian subcontinent. Chronology Mehrgarhs importance to understanding the Indus Valley is its nearly unparalleled preservation of pre-Indus societies. Aceramic Neolithic founding 7000 to 5500 BCNeolithic Period II 5500 to 4800 (16 ha)Chalcolithic Period III 4800 to 3500 (9 ha)Chalcolithic Period IV, 3500 to 3250 BCChalcolithic V 3250 to 3000 (18 ha)Chalcolithic VI 3000 to 2800Chalcolithic VII-Early Bronze Age 2800 to 2600 Aceramic Neolithic The earliest settled portion of Mehrgarh is found in an area called MR.3, in the northeast corner of the immense site. Mehrgarh was a small farming and pastoralist village between 7000-5500 BC, with mud brick houses and granaries. The early residents used local copper ore, basket containers lined with bitumen, and an array of bone tools. Plant foods used during this period included domesticated and wild six-rowed barley, domestic einkorn and emmer wheat, and wild Indian jujube (Zizyphus spp) and date palms (Phoenix dactylifera). Sheep, goats, and cattle were herded at Mehrgarh beginning during this early period. Hunted animals include gazelle, swamp deer, nilgai, blackbuck onager, chital, water buffalo, wild pig and elephant. The earliest residences at Mehrgarh were freestanding, multi-roomed rectangular houses built with long, cigar-shaped and mortared mudbricks: these structures are very similar to Prepottery Neolithic (PPN) hunter-gatherers in early 7th millennium Mesopotamia. Burials were placed in brick-lined tombs, accompanied by shell and turquoise beads. Even at this early date, the similarities of crafts, architecture, and agricultural and funerary practices indicate some sort of connection between Mehrgarh and Mesopotamia. Neolithic Period II 5500 to 4800 By the sixth millennium, agriculture had become firmly established at Mehrgarh, based on mostly (~90 percent) locally domesticated barley but also wheat from the near east. The earliest pottery was made by sequential slab construction, and the site contained circular fire pits filled with burnt pebbles and large granaries, characteristics also of similarly dated Mesopotamian sites. Buildings made of sun-dried brick were large and rectangular, symmetrically divided into small square or rectangular units. They were doorless and lack of residential remains, suggesting to researchers that at least some of they were storage facilities for grains or other commodities which were communally shared. Other buildings are standardized rooms surrounded by large open work spaces where craft-working activities took place, including the beginnings of the extensive bead-making characteristic of the Indus. Chalcolithic Period III 4800 to 3500 and IV 3500 to 3250 BC By the Chalcolithic Period III at Mehrgarh, the community, now well over 100 hectares, consisted of large spaces with groups of building divided into residences and storage units, but more elaborate, with foundations of pebbles embedded in clay. The bricks were made with molds, and along with fine painted wheel-thrown pottery, and a variety of agricultural and craft practices. Chalcolithic Period IV showed a continuity in pottery and crafts but progressive stylistic changes. During this period, the region split into small and medium sized compact settlements connected by canals. Some of the settlements included blocks of houses with courtyards separated by small passageways; and the presence of large storage jars in rooms and courtyards. Dentistry at Mehrgarh A recent study at Mehrgarh showed that during Period III, people were using bead-making techniques to experiment with dentistry: tooth decay in humans is a direct outgrowth of a reliance on agriculture. Researchers examining burials in a cemetery at MR3 discovered drill holes on at least eleven molars. Light microscopy showed the holes were conical, cylindrical or trapezoidal in shape. A few had concentric rings showing drill bit marks, and a few had some evidence for decay. No filling material was noted, but tooth wear on the drill marks indicate that each of these individuals continued to live on after the drilling was completed. Coppa and colleagues (2006) pointed out that only four of the eleven teeth contained clear evidence of decay associated with drilling; however, the drilled teeth are all molars located in the back of both lower and upper jaws, and thus are not likely to have been drilled for decorative purposes. Flint drill bits are a characteristic tool from Mehrgarh, mostly used with producing beads. The researchers conducted experiments and discovered that a flint drill bit attached to a bow-drill can produce similar holes in human enamel in under a minute: these modern experiments were not, of course, used on living humans. The dental techniques have only been discovered on only 11 teeth out of a total of 3,880 examined from 225 individuals, so tooth-drilling was a rare occurrence, and, it appears to have been a short-lived experiment as well. Although the MR3 cemetery contains younger skeletal material (into the Chalcolithic), no evidence for tooth drilling has been found later than 4500 BC. Later Periods at Mehrgarh Later periods included craft activities such as flint knapping, tanning, and expanded bead production; and a significant level of metal-working, particularly copper. The site was occupied continuously until about 2600 BC, when it was abandoned, about the time when the Harappan periods of the Indus civilization began to flourish at Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro and Kot Diji, among other sites. Mehrgarh was discovered and excavated by an international led by French archaeologist  Jean-Franà §ois Jarrige; the site was excavated continuously between 1974 and 1986 by the French Archaeological Mission in collaboration with the Department of Archaeology of Pakstan. Sources Coppa, A. Early Neolithic tradition of dentistry. Nature 440, L. Bondioli, A. Cucina, et al., Nature, April 5, 2006. Gangal K, Sarson GR, and Shukurov A. 2014. The Near-Eastern Roots of the Neolithic in South Asia. PLoS ONE 9(5):e95714. Jarrige J-F. 1993. The Early Architectural Traditions of Greater Indus as Seen from Mehrgarh, Baluchistan. Studies in the History of Art 31:25-33. Jarrige J-F, Jarrige C, Quivron G, Wengler L, and Sarmiento Castillo D. 2013. Mehrgarh. 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